Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan are a vital part of the Mediterranean hotspot for biodiversity, which combined hosts 22,500 unique plant species – more than four times that of the rest of Europe. They also fall in the major flyway of millions of migratory birds. But much of the region’s plant and animal life is under threat, making the effective management of protected areas an urgent issue, according to Brandon Anthony, associate professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy, and PhD student Diane Matar.